Contents
AN INTRODUCTION TO PREDICTION
What Is Predicting?
Predictions Create Purpose
Predictions for Learning
The Structure of This Book
Conclusion
PART I UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF PREDICTING IN LEARNING
Scenario 1: Superficial Prediction and Missed Opportunities
Scenario 2: Using Clues from the Text to Predict
Scenario 3: Incorporating Prior Knowledge into Predictions
Analyzing Classroom Instruction: What Worked?
The Benefits of Making Predictions
Engagement
Activating Existing Knowledge
Exercising the Use of Reading Strategies
Humans: A History of Predicting
Predictions Reduce Uncertainty
Processing Information: A Critical Aspect of Prediction
Short-Term Memory
Working Memory: PulIing Stored Knowledge Forward
Long-Term Memory and Existing Knowledge
Types of Long-Term Memory
Schemata and Prior Knowledge
Prediction depends on existing knowledge
Predictions depend on actively transforming knowledge
Developing Expert Predictors
Analogies to Help Us Predict
Analogies Clarify Understanding
Analogies Help Us Predict with Greater Detail
Analogies Provide A Bridge to New Learning
Comparison Activities as an Expert Skill
Are Predictions Enough?
Learning From Predictions
PART II LEARNING HOW TO PREDICT: COGNITIVE STRATEGIES FOR STUDENTS
Cognitive strategies and Instructional Routines
1) Attending to Text Features: Illustrations
2) Attending to Text Features: Tables, Diagrams, Graphs and Charts
3) Attending to Text Structures
4) Attending to Literary Devices
5) Accessing/activating Background Knowledge
6) Accessing/activating Prior Knowledge
7) Noting Word-Level Cues
8) Making Inferences
9) Asking and Generating Questions
10) Making Connections
11) Summarizing
12) Visualizing
13) Making and Asking for Clarifications
PART III PREDICTING TO LEARN: INSTRUCTIONAL ROUTINES FOR TEACHERS
14) Shared Reading
15) Think Alouds and Models
16) Question-Answer Relationships
17) Directed Reading-Thinking Activity
18) Reciprocal Teaching
19) Know-Want to Know-Learn
20) Guided Reading and Summarizing Procedure
21) Cliffhanger
22) Graphic Organizers
23) Anticipation Guides
24) Metacognitive Double-Entry Journals
25) Hot Seat
PART IV—USING PREDICTIONS TO INCREASE PRECISION TEACHING
Knowing Students
Kid-Watching.
Interest Inventory.
Metacomprehension Strategy Index.
Assessments
Profiles in Comprehension
Feedback
Examples
Conclusion